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                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../翻译说明.html">翻译说明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../introduction.html">介绍</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../notation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 表义符</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../lexical-structure.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 词法结构</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../input-format.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 输入格式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../keywords.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 关键字</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../identifiers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 标识符</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../comments.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 注释</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../whitespace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 空白符</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tokens.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> token</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../paths.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 路径</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../macros.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 宏</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../macros-by-example.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 声明宏</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../procedural-macros.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 过程宏</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../crates-and-source-files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> crate 和源文件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../conditional-compilation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 条件编译</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> 程序项</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> 模块</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/extern-crates.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> 外部crate</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/use-declarations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> use声明</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.4.</strong> 函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/type-aliases.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.5.</strong> 类型别名</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.6.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/enumerations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.7.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/unions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.8.</strong> 联合体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/constant-items.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.9.</strong> 常量项</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/static-items.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.10.</strong> 静态项</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/traits.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.11.</strong> trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/implementations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.12.</strong> 实现</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/external-blocks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.13.</strong> 外部块</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/generics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.14.</strong> 类型参数和生存期参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../items/associated-items.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.15.</strong> 关联程序项</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../visibility-and-privacy.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.16.</strong> 可见性与隐私权</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../attributes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> 属性</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../attributes/testing.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> 测试</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../attributes/derive.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> 派生</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../attributes/diagnostics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> 诊断</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../attributes/codegen.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> 代码生成</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../attributes/limits.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> 极限设置</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../attributes/type_system.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> 类型系统</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../statements-and-expressions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> 语句和表达式</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../statements.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> 语句</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> 表达式</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/literal-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.1.</strong> 字面量表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/path-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.2.</strong> 路径表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/block-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.3.</strong> 块表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/operator-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.4.</strong> 运算符表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/grouped-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.5.</strong> 分组表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/array-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.6.</strong> 数组和索引表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/tuple-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.7.</strong> 元组和索引表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/struct-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.8.</strong> 结构体表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/enum-variant-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.9.</strong> 枚举变体表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/call-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.10.</strong> 调用表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/method-call-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.11.</strong> 方法调用表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/field-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.12.</strong> 字段访问表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/closure-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.13.</strong> 闭包表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/loop-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.14.</strong> 循环表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/range-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.15.</strong> 区间表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/if-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.16.</strong> if 和 if let 表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/match-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.17.</strong> 匹配表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/return-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.18.</strong> 返回表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../expressions/await-expr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.19.</strong> 等待(await)表达式</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../patterns.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> 模式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../type-system.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> 类型系统</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> 类型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/boolean.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.1.</strong> 布尔型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/numeric.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.2.</strong> 数字型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/textual.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.3.</strong> 字符型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/never.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.4.</strong> never类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.5.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.6.</strong> 数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.7.</strong> 切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.8.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.9.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/union.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.10.</strong> 联合体</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/function-item.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.11.</strong> 函数项类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/closure.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.12.</strong> 闭包</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/pointer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.13.</strong> 指针型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/function-pointer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.14.</strong> 函数指针</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/trait-object.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.15.</strong> trait对象</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/impl-trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.16.</strong> 实现trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/parameters.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.17.</strong> 类型参数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/inferred.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.18.</strong> 推断型</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../dynamically-sized-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> 动态尺寸类型(DST)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../type-layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> 类型布局 </a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interior-mutability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.4.</strong> 内部可变性</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../subtyping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.5.</strong> 子类型和型变</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trait-bounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.6.</strong> trait约束及其生存期约束</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../type-coercions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.7.</strong> 类型自动强转</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../destructors.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.8.</strong> 析构函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../lifetime-elision.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.9.</strong> 生存期省略</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../special-types-and-traits.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> 特殊类型和 trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../memory-model.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> 内存模型</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../memory-allocation-and-lifetime.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> 内存分配和其生存期</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../memory-ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> 内存所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../variables.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> 变量</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linkage.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> 链接(linkage)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../unsafety.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> 非安全性</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../unsafe-functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> 非安全函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../unsafe-blocks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.</strong> 非安全代码块</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../behavior-considered-undefined.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.3.</strong> 未定义行为</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../behavior-not-considered-unsafe.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.4.</strong> 不被认为是非安全的行为</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../const_eval.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> 常量求值</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../abi.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> ABI</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../runtime.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> Rust运行时</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendices.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> 附录</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li 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                        <h1><a class="header" href="#testing-attributes" id="testing-attributes">Testing attributes</a></h1>
<h1><a class="header" href="#测试类属性" id="测试类属性">测试类属性</a></h1>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/reference/blob/master/src/attributes/testing.md">testing.md</a><br />
commit: b0e0ad6490d6517c19546b1023948986578fc378 <br />
本章译文最后维护日期：2020-11-10</p>
</blockquote>
<p>以下<a href="../attributes.html">属性</a>用于指定函数来执行测试。在“测试(test)”模式下编译 crate 可以构建测试函数以及构建用于执行测试（函数）的测试套件(test harness)。启用测试模式还会启用 <a href="../conditional-compilation.html#test"><code>test</code>条件编译选项</a>。</p>
<h2><a class="header" href="#the-test-attribute" id="the-test-attribute">The <code>test</code> attribute</a></h2>
<h2><a class="header" href="#test属性" id="test属性"><code>test</code>属性</a></h2>
<p><em><code>test</code>属性</em>标记一个用来执行测试的函数。这些函数只在测试模式下编译。测试函数必须是自由函数和单态函数，不能有参数，返回类型必须是以下类型之一：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>()</code></li>
<li><code>Result&lt;(), E&gt; where E: Error</code></li>
</ul>
<!-- * `!` -->
<!-- * Result<!, E> where E: Error` -->
<blockquote>
<p>注意：允许哪些返回类型是由暂未稳定的 <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/trait.Termination.html"><code>Termination</code></a> trait 决定的。</p>
</blockquote>
<!-- 如果前面这节需要更新(从 "不能有参数" 开始, 同时需要修改 crates-and-source-files.md 文件 -->
<blockquote>
<p>注意：测试模式是通过将 <code>--test</code> 参数选项传递给 <code>rustc</code> 或使用 <code>cargo test</code> 来启用的。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>返回 <code>()</code> 的测试只要结束(terminate)且没有触发 panic 就会通过。返回 <code>Result&lt;(), E&gt;</code> 的测试只要它们返回 <code>Ok(())</code> 就算通过。不结束的测试既不（计为）通过也不（计为）失败。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span><span class="boring">use std::io;
</span><span class="boring">fn setup_the_thing() -&gt; io::Result&lt;i32&gt; { Ok(1) }
</span><span class="boring">fn do_the_thing(s: &amp;i32) -&gt; io::Result&lt;()&gt; { Ok(()) }
</span>#[test]
fn test_the_thing() -&gt; io::Result&lt;()&gt; {
    let state = setup_the_thing()?; // 预期成功
    do_the_thing(&amp;state)?;          // 预期成功
    Ok(())
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#the-ignore-attribute" id="the-ignore-attribute">The <code>ignore</code> attribute</a></h2>
<h2><a class="header" href="#ignore属性" id="ignore属性"><code>ignore</code>属性</a></h2>
<p>被 <code>test</code>属性标注的(annotated with)函数也可以被 <code>ignore</code>属性标注。<em><code>ignore</code>属性</em>告诉测试套件不要将该函数作为测试执行。但在测试模式下，这类函数仍然会被编译。</p>
<p><code>ignore</code>属性可以选择使用 <a href="../attributes.html#meta-item-attribute-syntax"><em>MetaNameValueStr</em></a>元项属性句法来说明测试被忽略的原因。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[test]
#[ignore = &quot;not yet implemented&quot;]
fn mytest() {
    // …
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>注意</strong>：<code>rustc</code> 的测试套件支持使用 <code>--include-ignored</code> 参数选项来强制运行那些被忽略测试的函数。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2><a class="header" href="#the-should_panic-attribute" id="the-should_panic-attribute">The <code>should_panic</code> attribute</a></h2>
<h2><a class="header" href="#should_panic属性" id="should_panic属性"><code>should_panic</code>属性</a></h2>
<p>被 <code>test</code>属性标注并返回 <code>()</code> 的函数也可以被 <code>should_panic</code>属性标注。<em><code>should_panic</code>属性</em>使测试函数只有在实际发生 panic 时才算通过。</p>
<p><code>should_panic</code>属性可选输入一条出现在 panic消息中的字符串。如果在 panic消息中找不到该字符串，则测试将失败。可以使用 <a href="../attributes.html#meta-item-attribute-syntax"><em>MetaNameValueStr</em></a>元项属性句法或带有 <code>expected</code>字段的 <a href="../attributes.html#meta-item-attribute-syntax"><em>MetaListNameValueStr</em></a>元项属性句法来传递字符串。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[test]
#[should_panic(expected = &quot;值未匹配上&quot;)]
fn mytest() {
    assert_eq!(1, 2, &quot;值未匹配上&quot;);
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
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